Voice Change

 

PK’s English Care

Mithapukur, Rangpur

Parimol Khalko (B.A. (Hon’s), M.A. in English)

Mobile: 01737548966

Topic: Voice Change

To be verb                          : am, is, are, was, were, being, been, be (৮টি)

To have verb                      : have, has, had (৩টি)

Modal Auxiliary Verbs     : shall will, would, may, might, should, can, could, must, ought to, have to, has to, had to,

To be verb +going to, used to etc. (অসংখ্য)

1. subject ও object সনাক্ত করার পদ্ধতি:

(a) Who (কে) দিয়ে প্রশ্ন করলে এক কথায় উত্তরে  subject পাওয়া যাবে।

He drives a car. Who drives a car? (কে গাড়ি চালায়?) Ans: He তাই এখানে He হলো subject.

(b) What/Whom (কি/কাকে) দিয়ে প্রশ্ন করলে এক কথায় উত্তরে object পাওয়া যাবে।

He drives a car. What does he drive? (সে কি চালায়?) Ans: a car. তাই এখানে a car হলো object.

বিঃ দ্রঃ- প্রকৃত পক্ষে একটি বাক্যে Subject, Main Verb ও Object না থাকলে Passive Voice করা যায় না।

 

2. এ পরিবর্তনের একটি সাধারণ নিয়ম হলো: Subject (from object) + Helping Verb + verb3 (ext.) + by + object (from Subject).

3. Helping  Verb বসানোর কৌশল নিচে দেয়া হলো:

Tense	Helping Verb in Passive	Tense	Helping Verb in Passive
Present Indefinite Tense	am/is/are	Past Indefinite Tense	was/were
Present Continuous Tense	am/is/are + being	Past Continuous Tense	was/were + being
Present Perfect Tense	have been/has been	Past Perfect Tense	had been
Future Indefinite Tense	shall/will+ be
Future Continuous Tense	shall/will+ be+ being
Future Perfect Tense	shall/will have been

4. Three types of sentences can be changed into passive (৩ রকমের বাক্যকে Passive Voice এ পরিবর্তনের নিয়ম) :

(a)    Assertive

Without Modals: Object>Subject + to be verb + v3(PPF) + preposition (normally by) + subject>object.

                        : Object>Subject + to have verb + been + v3(PPF) + preposition (normally by) +subject>object.

With Modals: (Object>Subject + modal+be + v3(PPF) + preposition (normally by) + subject>object.)

(b)   Interrogative: For Yes/No Questions:

For Present Indefinite Tense or Past Indefinite Tense:

To be verb + object>subject + V3 + preposition (by) + subject>object + (Extention)?

For Present Continuous Tense or Past Continuous Tense:

To be verb + object>subject +being + V3 + prep. (by) + subject>object+?

For Present Perfect Tense or Past Perfect Tense:

To have verb + object>subject + been + V3 + prep. (by) + subject>object?

For WH Question:

Who কে পরিবর্তন করে By whom করতে হয়। Whom কে পরিবর্তন করে Who করতে হয়। এছাড়া অন্যান্য WH এর কোন পরিবর্তন হয় না।

WH words	Passive করলে Structure হবে	Examples
Who	Indefinite Tense হলে: By whom + to be verb + object + V3 + (extension) +? Continuous Tense হলে: By whom + to be verb + object + being + V3 + (ext.) +? Perfect Tense হলে: By whom + to have verb + object + been + V3 + (ext.) +?	A: Who broke the chair in the class? P: By whom was the chair broken in the class?
Whom	Indefinite ও Continuous Tense হলে: Who + to be verb + V3 + (ext.) + by + subject> object +? Perfect Tense হলে: Who + to have verb + been + V3 + (ext.) + by + subject> object +?	A: Whom do you help? P: Who is helped by you? A: Whom have you sent the book? P: Who has been sent the book by you?
How	How + to be verb + object> subject + V3 + by + subject>object + ? How + to be verb + object> subject + being+ V3 + by + subject>object + ? How + to have verb + object> subject + been+ V3 + by + subject>object + ?	A: How does he learn English? P: How is English learnt by him? A: How is he solving the sum? P: How is the sum being solved by him?
What How Which +Noun	Indefinite ও Continuous Tense হলে: What/How/Which Noun + to be verb + V3 + (ext.) + by + subject> object +? Perfect Tense হলে: What/How/Which Noun + to have verb + been + V3 + (ext.) + by + subject> object +?	A: What are they seeking? P: Wha is being sought by them?

More examples for practice:

Who was selling mangoes?                    Who helped me in danger?                     Whom is he teaching English?

How did you do the works?                   Which book do you need?                      Why do they take the pen?

 

(c) Imperative sentence                                : Let (not) + obj + be + verb3 (ext). (Let  ছাড়া শুধু একটি  object থাকলে)

: Let (not)+ obj + be + verb3 + to/for + obj (ext). (Let  ছাড়া দুটি object থাকলে)

: Let + Direct Object + be + V3+ by+ Indirect Object. (sentence টি যদি Let দিয়ে শুরু হয় ).

A: Obey your parents.               A: Send a message immediately.            A: Don’t insult the poor.

P: Let your parents be obeyed.   P: Let a message be sent immediately.    P: Let not the poor be insulted.

A: Let us cut jokes.                   A: Buy me a pen.                                  A: Let me help you.

P: Let jokes be cut by us            P: Let a pen be bought for me.               P: Let you be helped by me.  

5. যে সকল Imperative বাক্যে object থাকে না।     : You are told/ordered/requested/advised to +verb1+ ext.

Example:

Active  : Please help me.                                   Passive : You are requested to help me. 

Active  : Come here.                                         Passive: You are told to come here. 

Active  : Sit down.                                            Passive: You are told to sit down.

Active  : Get lost.                                              Passive: You are ordered to get lost.  

Active  : Come on time.                                    Passive: You are advised to come on time.

More Examples so that you can practise: Be quiet. Be reasonable. Stop here. Write soon. Please do it. Come on time. Stop here. Write soon.  Go away. Drive slowly. Speak to Sam. Go out. Come in. Hurry up.

6. Quassi passive                       : Sub + to be verb+ verb3 + ext. (Subject + verb + Adjective)

Or,                               : Sub + to be verb + adjective + when + it + to be verb + V3.

Example:

A: Honey tastes sweet.             A : Honey tastes sweet.

P: Honey is tasted sweet.           P: Honey is sweet when it is tasted.                               

A: The bed feels soft.                A: The book reads well.             A: The school garden looked very beautiful.

P: The bed is felt soft.                P: The book is read well.           P: The school garden was looked very beautiful.

7. Complex Sentence এ যদি উভয় clause এ subject, finite verb ও object থাকলে উভয় clause কে Passive করতে হবে।

A: He thinks (it) that the man has done the work.                                              A: We know (it) that he is honest.

P: It is thought by him that the work has been done by the man.                        P: It is known to us that he is honest.

A: We believe that God is kind to all.

P: It is believed by us that God is kind to all.

 

8. Passive to Active:

বাক্যের অর্থ অনুযায়ী Subject নির্বাচন করতে হবে। যেমন; I, we, people, someone, somebody, flood, storm, robbers etc.

The tree was uprooted yesterday. এই বাক্যে ক্রিয়া সম্পদনকারী নেই। তবে uprooted কাজটি কারো মাধ্যমে অবশ্যই হয়েছে। একটু ভাবলেই এর ক্রিয়া সম্পাদনকারীকে আমরা অনুমান করতে পারি। তাই Subject হতে পারে Somone/somebody. অথবা ঝড়ের কারণে গাছ উপড়ে যেতে পারে  তাই Passive হবে :

Someone uprooted the tree yesterday.

More examples:

A: You are invited to my birthday party.        A: Necessary steps should be taken to stop early marriage.

P: I invite you to my birthday party.               P: Govt. should take necessary steps to stop early marriage.

 

A: My pen was stolen yesterday.                    A: Rice is mainly eaten in Asia.      A: The report was sent yesterday.

P: Someone stole my pen yesterday.              P: People mainly eat rice in Asia.    P: The reporter sent the report yesterday.

 

A: They are respected all over the world.      A: This shop has been opened.         A: A letter has been shown to his parents.

P: People respect them all over the world.     P: Someone has opened this shop.   P: He has shown a letter to his parents.

 

A: Her money bag was snatched away.

P: A snatcher snatched her money bag away.